Run the transmission through all four or five forward gears (and don’t forget to check Reverse). A manual transmission should shift easily without grinding gears. Some transaxles may lightly grind the lower gears the first couple of shifts on a cool day before the fluid warms up enough to allow the synchronizers to slide smoothly in and out of engagement. But if the gears grind every time you shift, either the clutch hydraulic system is defective or, worse, the transmission itself has internal problems. A new or rebuilt transmission is an expensive proposition. Avoid a gear grinder!

The clutch should engage and disengage without grabbing or chattering, and it should be firmly engaged by the time it’s three-fourths of the way up. Accelerate hard up to highway speeds and make sure the clutch is not slipping.

Is the transmission hard to shift in and out of gear? Sometimes this can be fixed by adjusting the linkage or replacing shift rod bushings, neither of which is an expensive repair. Sometimes it’s a more expensive problem, like worn synchronizer rings inside the transmission. Try to define the problem and put it down on paper. You’ll want your mechanic to look at any shifting problems. Some FWD cars use cables instead of rods to connect the shift lever to the transmission. These cables stretch over time and shifting becomes vague and imprecise. On some vehicles, such as those with cable-actuated shifters, shifting is vague and imprecise from the first day the vehicle was manufactured. Shifting gears on such vehicles can be tricky. If you don’t know whether the car you’re looking at is equipped with shift rods or shift cables, ask your mechanic to look when he inspects the vehicle. And ask him to give you an estimate on any repair work that may be required.

An automatic transmission should also shift smoothly without jerking, slurring or hesitation. While cruising, accelerate sharply and make sure the downshift rod, or the throttle valve (TV) rod or cable, downshifts the transmission under acceleration. Electronic four-speeds have dispensed with any mechanical link between the throttle and the transmission; instead, the computer handles all shift points, including downshifts under a load. But they still must downshift during acceleration. After you’ve verified that the transmission shifts on its own satisfactorily, shift it manually. Make sure that it’s actually in the gear indicated by the gear position indicator in the dash or in the shift lever console. If the transmission does anything that seems unusual to you, write it down in your notebook. Try to describe what the transmission is doing – shifting too soon, shifting too late, shifting harshly, mushy shifts, “hunting” back and forth between third and overdrive, etc.

Some automatic transmissions have more problems than other by design. You can find out which cars have troublesome transmissions by reading the ratings in Consumer Reports.

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